Centre Georges Pompidou

Centre Georges Pompidou ( French pronunciation: ; also known as the Pompidou Centre in English) is a complex in the Beaubourg area of the 4th arrondissement of Paris, near Les Halles, rue Montorgueil and the Marais. It was designed in the style of high-tech architecture. It houses the Bibliothèque publique d'information, a vast public library, the Musée National d'Art Moderne which is the largest museum for modern art in Europe, and IRCAM, a centre for music and acoustic research. Because of its location, the Centre is known locally as Beaubourg. It is named after Georges Pompidou, the President of France from 1969 to 1974 who decided its creation, and was officially opened on 31 January 1977 by then-French President Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. The Centre Pompidou has had over 150 million visitors since 1977.

Architecture
The Centre was designed by the Italian architect Renzo Piano, the British architect couple Richard Rogers and Su Rogers, Gianfranco Franchini, the British structural engineer Edmund Happold (who would later found Buro Happold), and Irish structural engineer Peter Rice. The project was awarded to this team in an architectural design competition, whose results were announced in 1971. Reporting on Rogers' winning the Pritzker Prize in 2007, The New York Times noted that the design of the Centre "turned the architecture world upside down" and that "Mr. Rogers earned a reputation as a high-tech iconoclast with the completion of the 1977 Pompidou Centre, with its exposed skeleton of brightly colored tubes for mechanical systems. The Pritzker jury said the Pompidou "revolutionized museums, transforming what had once been elite monuments into popular places of social and cultural exchange, woven into the heart of the city." Initially, all of the functional structural elements of the building were color-coded: green pipes are plumbing, blue ducts are for climate control, electrical wires are encased in yellow, and circulation elements and devices for safety (e.g., fire extinguishers) are red. However, recent visits suggests that this color coding has been partially removed, and many of the elements are simply painted white.

Construction
The Centre was built by GTM and completed in 1977. The building cost 993 million 1972 French francs. Renovation work conducted from October 1996 to January 2000 was completed on a budget of 576 million 1999 francs.

Exhibitions
Several major exhibitions are organized each year on either the first or sixth floors. Among them, many monographs:

Stravinsky Fountain
The nearby Stravinsky Fountain (also called the Fontaine des automates), on Place Stravinsky, features sixteen whimsical moving and water-spraying sculptures by Jean Tinguely and Niki de Saint-Phalle, which represent themes and works by composer Igor Stravinsky. The black-painted mechanical sculptures are by Tinguely, the colored works by Niki de Saint-Phalle. The fountain opened in 1983. Video footage of the fountain appeared frequently throughout the French language telecourse, French in Action .

Place Georges Pompidou
The Place Georges Pompidou in front of the museum is noted for the presence of street performers, such as mimes and jugglers. In the spring, miniature carnivals are installed temporarily into the place in front with a wide variety of attractions: bands, caricature and sketch artists, tables set up for evening dining, and even skateboarding competitions.

Use in film and television
A fifth floor room of the building featured as the office of Holly Goodhead (played by Lois Chiles) in the 1979 James Bond film Moonraker, which in the film was scripted as being part of the space station of the villainous Hugo Drax ( Michael Lonsdale).

Public transport

• Nearby Métro stations: Rambuteau, Les Halles
• RER: Châtelet – Les Halles

Building specifications Land area 2 hectares (5 acres) Floor area 103,305 m 2 Superstructure 7 levels Height 42 m (Rue Beaubourg side), 45.5 m (Piazza side) Length 166 m Width 60 m Infrastructure 3 levels Dimensions Depth: 18 m; Length: 180 m; Width: 110 m Materials used Earthworks 300,000 m 3 Reinforced concrete 50,000 m 3 Metal framework 15,000 tonnes of steel Façades, glass surfaces 11,000 m 2 Opaque surfaces 7,000 m 2

• Henri Michaux (1978)
• Dalí (1979)
• Pollock (1982)
• Bonnard (1984)
• Kandinsky (1984)
• Klee (1985)
• Cy Twombly (1988)
• Frank Stella (1988)
• Andy Warhol (1990)
• Max Ernst (1991)
• Matisse (1993)
• Joseph Beuys (1994)
• Kurt Schwitters (1994)
• Carolyn Fontanez (1996)
• Gasiorowski (1995)
• Brâncuşi (1995)
• Sanejouand (1995)
• Bob Morris (1995)
• Francis Bacon (1996)
• Fernand Léger (1997)
• David Hockney (1998)
• Philip Guston (2000)
• Picasso (2000)
• Jean Dubuffet (2001)
• Roland Barthes (2002)
• Max Beckmann (2002)
• Nicolas de Stael (2003)

• Sophie Calle (2003)
• Cocteau (2003)
• Philippe Starck (2003)
• Miró (2004)
• Charlotte Perriand (2005)
• Robert Rauschenberg (2006)
• Jean-Luc Godard (2006)
• Yves Klein (2006)
• Hergé (2006)
• Annette Messager (2007)
• Richard Rogers (2007)
• Samuel Beckett (2007)
• David Claerbout (2007)

• Julio González (2007)
• Alberto Giacometti (2007)
• Louise Bourgeois (2008)
• Pol Abraham (2008)
• Titiana Trouvé (2008)
• Miroslav Tichy (2008)
• Dominique Perrault (2008)
• Jean Gourmelin (2008)
• Jacques Villeglé (2008)
• Ron Arad (2008)
• Alexander Calder (2009)
• Kandinski (2009)
• Pierre Soulages (2009)
• Lucian Freud (2010)