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Georgi Sokolov edited this building last
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Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM) redefined what’s possible with supertall buildings in the design and engineering of Burj Khalifa (formerly Burj Dubai), the world’s tallest building at 828m. By combining cutting-edge technologies and cultural influences, SOM created a global icon that is a focus of a model for future urban centers and speaks to the global movement towards compact, livable urban areas. The Tower and its surrounding neighborhood are more centralized than any other new development in Dubai. At the center of a new downtown neighborhood, Burj Khalifa’s mixed-use program of hotel, residential and office space focuses the area’s development density and provides direct connections to mass transit systems.
Burj Khalifa’s architecture has embodied references to Islamic architecture and reflects the modern global community it is designed to serve. The building’s “Y shaped plan provides the maximum amount of perimeter for windows in living spaces without developing internal unusable area. As the tapering tower rises, setbacks occur at the ends of each “wing in an upward spiraling pattern that decreases the mass of the tower as the height increases. These setbacks were modeled in the wind tunnel to minimize wind forces. The exterior cladding comprised of aluminum and textured stainless steel spandrel panels was designed to withstand Dubai’s extreme temperatures during the summer months. Vertical polished stainless steel fins were added to accentuate Burj Khalifa’s height and slenderness.
The unprecedented height of the Burj Khalifa required it to be an innovative building in many ways. Design techniques, building systems, and construction practices all required rethinking and in many cases new applications to create a practical and efficient building:
The structural system, termed a “buttressed core, is designed to efficiently support a super-tall building utilizing a strong central core, buttressed by its three wings. The vertical structure is tied together at the mechanical floors through outrigger walls in order to maximize the building’s stiffness. The result is a very efficient structure where all of the building’s vertical structure is used to support both gravity and lateral loads.
The Tower’s construction utilized the highest single stage pumping of concrete ever performed at 606m. Additionally, the foundation mat at the base of the building utilized a cathodic protection system to protect against the corrosive ground water.
The Tower collects condensed water on chilled water piping from the atmosphere which is used to irrigate landscaping around the tower.
The Tower incorporates numerous enhancements to the fire and life safety systems, including “lifeboat operation for elevators which allows for them to be used for controlled evacuation under certain situations decreasing total evacuation time by 45% over stairs alone.
Burj Khalifa also employs the following sustainable features:
Sky Sourced Ventilation: Cooler air temperatures, reduced air density, and reduced relative humidity at the top of the building allow for “sky-sourced fresh air. When air is drawn in at the top of the building, it requires less energy for air conditioning, ventilation, and dehumidification.
Condensate Recovery System: Burj Khalifa has one of the largest condensate recovery systems in the world. Collecting water from air conditioning condensate discharge prevents it from entering the wastewater stream and reduces the need for municipal potable water.
High Performance Glazing: A low-emissivity glass provides Burj Khalifa with enhanced thermal insulation against high ambient temperatures of Dubai.
High Voltage Distribution: Conduction of electric power using higher voltage reduces energy losses and increases energy efficiency when compared to lower voltage systems.
Electronic Metering: Individual electric energy monitoring systems enable energy optimization of the tower’s systems over its lifetime. This will result in a reduction of Burj Khalifa's energy related environmental impact.
Smart Lighting and Mechanical Control: The building’s management system results in lower operational costs, a more efficient use of building resources and services, better control of internal comfort conditions, effective monitoring and targeting of energy consumption.
Stack Effect Controls: Thermal differences between the building’s interior and exterior generate a stack effect. Burj Khalifa was designed to passively control these forces, reducing the need for mechanical means of pressurization while saving energy.
With over 2 million square feet of interior space to be designed for Burj Khalifa, planning of the building’s interior space began at the earliest stages of its design. The design team worked towards attaining three main goals - to recognize and acknowledge the building’s height, to integrate its structural and architectural rationale, and to appreciate the locale’s heritage, history and culture.
With the exception of the Armani Hotel, the building’s entire interior design was completed by SOM and inspired by the influences of the building’s technological accomplishments and the regional culture and heritage. The interiors of the uppermost floors were designed to reflect celestial influences. This is in contrast to the lower floors, which are inspired by natural elements. Apart from glass, stainless steel and polished dark stones, the interiors of the Tower also feature Silver Travertine flooring, Venetian plaster walls, handmade rugs, and Brazilian Santos Rosewood to reflect comfort and restrained luxury.
SOM also developed an art program for the Tower which placed and specified over 500 pieces of individual art pieces. Local and international fine art pieces were thoughtfully integrated with the interior design to complete the atmosphere of ultimate luxury in Burj Khalifa.
The premiere featured art piece resides in the tower’s residential lobby. The sculpture completed by internationally renowned artist Jaume Plensa is entitled World Voices and is composed of 196 cymbals supported by stainless steel rods rising from two pools similar to reeds in a lake. The cymbals represent the 196 countries of the world and reflect that the Burj Khalifa was a result of a collaboration of people from around the world. The sculpture was selected by Emaar’s Chairman Mr Mohamed Alabbar following a year-long selection process led by SOM. Finished by hand in Italy, the cymbals create a distinct timbre in the multi-storey entrance pavilion as they are struck by dripping water from the lobby ceiling which the artist compared to the sound of water falling on leaves.
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Everslash commentedGreat building. I also did a project on this when I was in grade 7 and got a 97% on it(I'm in grade 9 now). No building will be able to match the burj khalifa's hight in a long Timeabout 4 months ago via Mobile
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Georgi Sokolov updatedabout 7 months ago via OpenBuildings.com
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OpenBuildings added a digital referenceabout 7 months ago via OpenBuildings.com -
Ivan Keirn updatedabout 8 months ago via OpenBuildings.com
